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[疾病防控] 巴貝西蟲(chóng)病

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發(fā)表于 2008-1-13 14:45:31 | 只看該作者 回帖獎(jiǎng)勵(lì) |倒序?yàn)g覽 |閱讀模式
  巴貝西蟲(chóng)病
  Babesiosis
  Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt
  Translated by
  傅小平博士
  病因/發(fā)病機(jī)理
  Cause & Pathogenesis
  · 蜱源性原蟲(chóng)感染(牛巴貝西蟲(chóng)、雙芽巴貝西蟲(chóng)),特征血管內(nèi)溶血、發(fā)熱、貧血、黃疸和血紅蛋白尿
  Tick borne Protozoal infection (Babesia bovis & bigemina) characterized by intravascular hemolysis, fever, anemia, jaundice and hemoglobinuria
  · 蜱(牛蜱)是原蟲(chóng)生活史的一部分
  Protozoa spends part of life cycle in tick (Boophilus)
  · 發(fā)病率取決于蜱的流行程度,成年牛死亡率為100%
  Morbidity depends on tick prevalence but mortality rate can approach 100 % in adults
  · 蜱生活史為3周----吸血時(shí)攝入蟲(chóng)體—傳到卵—再到感染新宿主的幼蟲(chóng),通過(guò)吐液感染新宿主(裂殖子破壞紅細(xì)胞)
  Tick life cycle is 3 weeks – protozoa ingested at feeding ~ passes to egg then to larvae which attaches to new host and infects new host via saliva (merozoites rupture RBC)
  · 傳播也可以通過(guò)機(jī)械性的方式發(fā)生Transmission also occurs by mechanical means
  · 感染能持續(xù)1-2年
  Infection persists up to two years
  · 馬也可以發(fā)生感染
  Infection also occurs in horses
  危險(xiǎn)因素
  Risk Factors · 對(duì)幼畜危害小
  Disease much milder in young animals
  · 如果母牛已免疫過(guò),其所產(chǎn)犢牛有6個(gè)月齡的免疫保護(hù)
  If dam is immune, calf is protected until six months of age
  · 引進(jìn)牛最易感
  Introduced naïve cattle are the most susceptible
  臨床癥狀
  Clinical Findings · 潛伏期為2-3周
  Incubation period is 2-3 weeks · 許多幼畜隱性感染
  Many young animals have inapparent infections
  · 成年牛會(huì)急性爆發(fā)
  In adults, acute onset of symptoms
  · 高熱,沉郁,心動(dòng)過(guò)速,食欲減退,產(chǎn)奶量下降
  Fever, depression, tachycardia, anorexia and decreased milk yield
  · 粘膜先充血、接著蒼白、最后黃疸
  Mucous membranes become congested then pale then jaundiced
  · 尿液暗紅、褐色,多泡(血紅蛋白尿)
  Urine is dark red, brown and frothy (hemoglobinuria)
  · 噴射狀水樣腹瀉
  Liquid diarrhea forcefully ejected
  · 常24小時(shí)內(nèi)死亡
  Often die within 24 hours
  · 幸存下來(lái)的也要有3周的恢復(fù)期Survivors remain ill for three weeks
  診斷
  Diagnosis · 臨床特征、該地區(qū)有媒介蜱、實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)
  Clinical signs and in area with tick vector – laboratory tests
  鑒別診斷
  Differential Diagnosis
  · 無(wú)漿體病—無(wú)血紅蛋白尿
  Anaplasmosis – no hemoglobinuria
  · 細(xì)菌性血紅蛋白尿
  Bacillary hemoglobinuria
  · 產(chǎn)后血紅蛋白尿
  Post-parturient hemoglobinuria
  · 鉤端螺旋體病
  Leptospirosis - hemoglobinuria
  · 錐蟲(chóng)病
  Trypanosomiasis
  · 泰樂(lè)蟲(chóng)病-血紅蛋白尿
  Theileriosis– hemoglobinuria
  實(shí)驗(yàn)室和病理學(xué)診斷Laboratory and Pathology
  · 血管內(nèi)溶血性貧血
  Intra-vascular hemolytic anemia
  · 血液姬姆薩染色,看到紅細(xì)胞內(nèi)的蟲(chóng)體
  Giemsa stain of blood to demonstrate protozoa in RBC
  · 尸解----- 黃疸,脾腫大,褐色尿
  Post mortem- jaundice, enlarged spleen and brown urine
  治療
  Treatment · 二丙酸咪多卡
  Imidocarb dipropionate
  · 輸血和支持療法
  Blood transfusions and supportive treatment
  預(yù)后情況
  Prognosis · 主要依賴于紅細(xì)胞壓積 PCV
  Depends on PCV
  · > 12%時(shí)早期治療效果好
  > 12% good if early treatment
  · <12%治療效果差
  <12% guarded to poor
  后遺癥
  Sequelae
  · 流產(chǎn)
  Abortion
  · 巴貝西蟲(chóng)病
  Cerebral Babesiosis
  預(yù)防
  Prevention & Control
  · 控制蜱
  Control ticks
  · 可以用化學(xué)不育劑或活原生動(dòng)物藥進(jìn)行接種
  Vaccinate with chemosterilant (Imidocarb) and live protozoa
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